Who was the last pharaoh of ancient Egypt?
The last pharaoh of ancient Egypt was Cleopatra VII. She ruled as the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty from 51 BCE until her death in 30 BCE. Cleopatra was known for her intelligence, political prowess, and her relationships with powerful Roman leaders, particularly Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. She played a significant role in the political landscape of the time, attempting to secure the independence and power of Egypt amidst the rising influence of the Roman Empire. After the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra in the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE, they both died the following year, leading to the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty and the incorporation of Egypt into the Roman Empire.