If a ventilator is not functioning properly, it can potentially cause harm to the patient. For example, if the ventilator is delivering too much air or oxygen, it could cause the patient's lungs to overinflate, leading to a condition called barotrauma. Barotrauma can cause damage to the lungs, including tearing of the alveoli (small air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged) and other tissues. In severe cases, barotrauma can result in the rupture of the lungs, which can be life-threatening.
To reduce the risk of harm from a faulty ventilator, it is important for the device to be properly maintained and calibrated, and for healthcare professionals to closely monitor the patient's condition while the ventilator is in use. If any issues are detected, the ventilator should be immediately turned off and the patient's condition should be assessed.