Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is primarily transmitted through bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. The most common modes of HIV transmission include: Sexual contact: HIV can be transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Sharing needles: HIV can be transmitted through sharing needles, syringes, or other injection equipment used to inject drugs. Mother-to-child transmission: HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Blood transfusion: In rare cases, HIV can be transmitted through blood transfusion, although this is now rare in many countries due to widespread screening of donated blood. Occupational exposure: Healthcare workers can be at risk of exposure to HIV through needlestick injuries or other contact with infected bodily fluids. It's important to note that HIV cannot be transmitted through casual contact, such as hugging, shaking hands, or sharing food or utensils. To reduce the risk of HIV transmission, it's important to practice safer sex, avoid sharing needles, and get tested regularly for HIV. If you have concerns about HIV transmission or your risk, it's a good idea to talk to a healthcare provider.