Neapolitan pizza, also known as pizza Napoletana, is a traditional style of pizza that originated in Naples, Italy. It is highly regarded and has gained popularity worldwide for several reasons:
Authenticity: Neapolitan pizza follows strict guidelines established by the Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana (AVPN). These guidelines dictate the specific ingredients, preparation methods, and cooking techniques that must be used to create an authentic Neapolitan pizza.
Ingredients: Neapolitan pizza is made using simple, high-quality ingredients. The dough is made from soft wheat flour, fresh yeast, water, and salt. San Marzano tomatoes, which grow in the volcanic soil near Mount Vesuvius, are often used for the sauce. Mozzarella di bufala, a type of buffalo mozzarella cheese, is a common topping. Fresh basil and extra virgin olive oil are also essential components.
Dough: Neapolitan pizza dough is made from a specific type of flour, typically 00 or "doppio zero" flour, which is finely ground and low in protein. The dough is kneaded by hand and left to rise for several hours. This results in a soft and elastic crust that is slightly chewy with a slightly charred and blistered exterior.
Cooking method: Neapolitan pizza is traditionally cooked in a wood-fired oven at very high temperatures, usually around 800-900 degrees Fahrenheit (400-480 degrees Celsius). The high heat and quick cooking time, typically lasting only about 60-90 seconds, create a pizza with a soft, tender center and a charred and puffy crust.
Traditional shape and size: Neapolitan pizza is typically round with a diameter of about 11 inches (28 cm). It has a raised edge or cornicione, which forms during the dough's fermentation process. The pizza is meant to be eaten by hand, and it is often folded in half ("a libretto") to enjoy the full flavors in each bite.
Cultural heritage: Neapolitan pizza is deeply rooted in the culinary and cultural heritage of Naples. It has been recognized as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Its long history, dating back to the 18th century, and the passion and skill involved in its creation contribute to its special status.