Color blindness affects both men and women, but it is more common in men. This is because the genes responsible for color vision are located on the X chromosome. Men have one X and one Y chromosome (XY), while women have two X chromosomes (XX). If a man inherits a faulty gene for color vision on his X chromosome, he will be color blind because he lacks a second X chromosome with a healthy gene to compensate.
In contrast, women are more likely to be carriers of the color blindness gene because they have two X chromosomes. If one X chromosome carries a faulty gene for color vision, the other X chromosome may have a healthy gene, allowing most women to have normal color vision. However, they can pass on the faulty gene to their children.
While color blindness is more common in men, both men and women can be affected by this condition, and the degree and type of color vision deficiency can vary. It's also important to note that there are different types of color blindness, with red-green color blindness being the most common.