The cell cycle is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and the production of two daughter cells. It consists of several distinct stages, including:-
Interphase:- This is the longest phase of the cell cycle and can be further divided into three sub phase:
a. G1 Phase: The cell grows and carries out its normal functions.
b. S Phase: DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of the cell's genetic material.
c. G2 Phase: The cell continues to grow and prepare for cell division.
Mitosis:- Mitosis is the process of nuclear division, during which the duplicated chromosomes are divided equally into two daughter nuclei. Mitosis can be further divided into several stages:
a. Prophase: Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelop breaks down, and the mitotic spindle forms.
b. Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell along the metaphase plate.
c. Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.
d. Telophase: Chromosomes arrive at the poles, the nuclear envelope reforms, and the chromosomes decondense.
GO Phase:- Some cells exit the cell cycle and enter a non-dividing state called GO. Cells in GO are in a resting phase and do not actively divide but can reenter the cell cycle under certain conditions.
The major stages of the cell cycle are: