The Han Dynasty ruled China for approximately 400 years. It is generally divided into two main periods: the Western Han Dynasty, which lasted from 206 BCE to 9 CE, and the Eastern Han Dynasty, which lasted from 25 CE to 220 CE.
The Western Han Dynasty was established by Emperor Gaozu (Liu Bang) in 206 BCE after the collapse of the Qin Dynasty. It saw significant political, economic, and cultural developments, including the establishment of a centralized bureaucracy, the expansion of the Silk Road trade routes, and advancements in science, technology, and agriculture.
The Eastern Han Dynasty began in 25 CE following a brief interruption known as the Xin Dynasty. This period was marked by political instability, regional conflicts, and a decline in centralized authority. The dynasty eventually came to an end in 220 CE due to internal rebellions and external invasions.