36 barrels of gunpowder were found under the Parliament during the Gunpowder Plot of 1605. The plot was a failed attempt by a group of English Catholics to assassinate King James I and blow up the House of Lords during the opening of Parliament on November 5th.
According to historical records, Guy Fawkes and his co-conspirators were found with 36 barrels of gunpowder beneath the House of Lords in the Palace of Westminster on the night of November 5, 1605.