Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are most closely related to gray wolves (Canis lupus). They share a common ancestor and are considered subspecies of the same species, Canis lupus. Genetic studies have shown that dogs were domesticated from wolves tens of thousands of years ago, with the exact timeline still a subject of ongoing research. Dogs and wolves share many genetic, physiological, and behavioral similarities, although selective breeding and domestication have led to significant differences in appearance, behavior, and adaptability between the two.