Gorillas are the largest living primates and are classified under the family Hominidae, which includes humans, orangutans, chimpanzees, and bonobos. They are highly intelligent and social animals, known for their impressive physical strength and gentle nature.
Gorillas belong to the genus Gorilla and are divided into two species:
1. Eastern gorilla (Gorilla beringei): This species is further divided into two subspecies: the mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) and the eastern lowland gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri).
2. Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla): This species is further divided into two subspecies: the western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and the Cross River gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli).
Gorillas have distinct physical characteristics. They have a robust build with broad chests and large muscles. Adult males, called silverbacks, are much larger than females and can weigh up to 400 pounds (180 kilograms) or more. They are named after the silver-gray hair that develops on their backs as they reach maturity.
Gorillas have a thick, coarse fur that varies in color from brown to black. They have a prominent sagittal crest on their heads, which serves as an attachment site for their strong jaw muscles. Their arms are long, and they have disproportionately large hands and feet.
Gorillas are primarily herbivorous and have a mainly vegetarian diet consisting of leaves, stems, fruits, bark, and other plant material. They are generally peaceful animals, living in cohesive family groups led by a dominant silverback male. These family groups, known as troops or bands, consist of several females, their offspring, and a few subordinate males.
Gorillas are considered critically endangered due to various threats, including habitat loss, poaching, and diseases. Efforts are being made to conserve and protect gorilla populations, with initiatives focused on habitat preservation, anti-poaching measures, and raising awareness about their conservation needs.