Generally speaking, there are three types of tests that technology goes through to be defined as rugged:
1) Environmental testing, which involves exposing the device to extreme temperatures, humidity, and other weather conditions. This test is designed to ensure that the device can withstand harsh environmental conditions such as extreme heat or cold, as well as exposure to moisture or dust.
2) Physical testing, which involves subjecting the device to a variety of physical stresses, including drops, impacts, and vibrations. This test is designed to ensure that the device can withstand accidental drops or other physical impacts.
3) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing, which involves testing the device's ability to operate without interfering with other electronic devices and without being affected by electromagnetic radiation. This test is designed to ensure that the device can operate effectively in a variety of environments without causing interference to other equipment.
These tests are designed to simulate the rigors of real-world use, and are typically conducted by third-party testing organizations to ensure objective results.