The sharing of electron pairs between distinct atoms is known as a covalent bond. Covalent bonds are the strongest type of chemical bond, and are formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons.
This kind of relationship is called a covalent bond. It results in the formation of a stable molecule as the atoms share their outermost electrons. Covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar depending on the electronegativity difference between the atoms involved.