The Sumerian civilization, which began in southern Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) around 4000 BCE, is the oldest civilization ever discovered. The Sumerians are credited with inventing the wheel, irrigation system and the first known system of government in addition to producing one of the earliest forms of written language.
The world's oldest recorded civilization is the Sumerian civilization, which emerged in the southern region of Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) around 4,000 BCE. The Sumerians developed a complex society with sophisticated cities, advanced agriculture, and written language known as cuneiform. They built monumental architecture, such as ziggurats and irrigation systems, and established a legal system, government institutions, and religious practices. The Sumerians were highly influential, and their cultural and technological achievements laid the foundation for future civilizations in the region.