Birds in ecosystems:
1. Pollination: Some birds, like hummingbirds and sunbirds, pollinate flowers as they feed on nectar.
2. Seed dispersal: Birds consume fruits and berries, aiding in the dispersal of seeds through their droppings.
3. Pest control: Birds help regulate pest populations by preying on insects and small animals.
4. Nutrient cycling: Bird droppings enrich the soil with nutrients, contributing to plant growth.
5. Scavenging and decomposition: Scavenging birds, like vultures, clean up carcasses and prevent the spread of diseases.
6. Habitat engineering: Birds modify their environments by building nests and burrows, providing homes for other organisms.
7. Indicator species: Birds serve as indicators of ecosystem health, as changes in their populations can reflect wider ecological issues.