. One of the simplest ways a bird can make sure it's on the right track is to watch for familiar landmarks below. Some ornithologists believe that day-migrating birds keep an eye out for features such as rivers and mountain ranges, using them to plot a course. Not all birds have a great sense of smell, and if they migrate at night, landmarks might not help much. When this happens, birds use the sun and stars to guide them. Many birds have been shown to use a sun compass. Using the sun for direction involves the need for making compensations for the changing position of the sun during the day. Birds that migrate during the day often follow, and may recognize, natural landforms such as mountain ranges, rivers, and lakes. Migrating birds are apparently utilizing several different compass methods and calibrate them against each other. Additionally, birds can sense the Earth's magnetic field and use it to navigate. The magnetic field guides migratory birds most of the way, perhaps within feet. Once they are in the vicinity, they likely use other senses, such as the sight of a familiar pond or favorite tree, to find their way