The lifespan of hyenas can vary depending on the species and various factors such as habitat, availability of food, and exposure to predation or disease. In general, hyenas have relatively long lifespans compared to many other carnivorous mammals. Here are the average lifespan ranges for the three main species of hyenas:
1. Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta): Spotted hyenas are the most well-known and studied hyena species. In the wild, they typically live between 12 to 15 years. However, in captivity, where they are protected from predators and have access to consistent food and veterinary care, they can live up to 20 years or more.
2. Brown Hyena (Hyaena brunnea): Brown hyenas are found in southern Africa. They generally have a slightly shorter lifespan compared to spotted hyenas. In the wild, brown hyenas can live up to around 10 to 12 years, although some individuals have been known to live up to 14 years. Information on their lifespan in captivity is limited.
3. Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena): Striped hyenas are found in North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Asia. They tend to have a shorter lifespan compared to spotted and brown hyenas. In the wild, striped hyenas typically live up to 12 years, although some individuals have been recorded to live up to 20 years in captivity.
It's important to note that these lifespan ranges are approximate and can be influenced by various factors, including the availability of food, water, disease prevalence, and human interference. Additionally, individual hyenas may vary in their lifespan due to genetic factors and individual circumstances.