The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) is a species of butterfly that is known for its distinctive orange and black wing pattern and its annual long-distance migration from Canada to Mexico. They are found in North, Central, and South America and are known for their unique life cycle, which includes four stages: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis), and adult. The monarch butterfly is also an important pollinator, as it feeds on nectar from flowers and helps to transfer pollen from one plant to another.