A federal system of government is characterized by the division of powers and authority between a central or national government and multiple subnational entities, such as states, provinces, or regions. In this system, both the central government and the subnational entities have significant powers and autonomy within their respective spheres of influence.
Key features of a federal system include a written constitution that delineates the distribution of powers between the central and regional governments, each with its own set of responsibilities, such as legislating, taxing, and governing. These powers are typically protected by the constitution and cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of government.
Countries like the United States, Canada, Germany, and Australia operate under federal systems. In these nations, the central government handles national issues, while regional governments deal with local concerns, promoting diversity, regional autonomy, and a balance of power between the different levels of government.