Osteoporosis is a medical condition characterized by the weakening of bones, leading to an increased risk of fractures. It occurs when the density and quality of bone are reduced. Bones become porous and brittle, making them more susceptible to fractures, especially in the spine, hip, and wrist.
The effects of osteoporosis on bone health include:
1. **Increased Fracture Risk:** Osteoporotic bones are more fragile, making individuals more prone to fractures, even with minor falls or bumps.
2. **Loss of Height:** Compression fractures in the spine can cause a gradual loss of height over time.
3. **Pain:** Fractures and the weakening of the skeletal structure can lead to pain, especially in the back.
4. **Posture Changes:** The collapse of vertebrae can result in a stooped or hunched posture.
Several factors contribute to osteoporosis, including aging, hormonal changes (especially in postmenopausal women), inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake, lack of physical activity, and certain medications.
Preventive measures include a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, regular weight-bearing exercise, avoiding excessive alcohol and tobacco use, and medications prescribed by healthcare professionals in some cases. Early detection and management are crucial in mitigating the impact of osteoporosis on bone health.