There are two main types of cells found in the brain: neurons and glial cells.
Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system. They are responsible for sending and receiving information throughout the body. Neurons have three main parts: the cell body, dendrites, and an axon. The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles. Dendrites are short, branching structures that receive information from other neurons. The axon is a long, thin structure that carries information away from the cell body to other neurons.
Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that support and protect neurons. There are many different types of glial cells, but the most common are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Astrocytes provide structural support for neurons and help to regulate the flow of nutrients and chemicals in the brain. Oligodendrocytes form a fatty sheath called myelin that insulates axons and helps to speed up the transmission of nerve impulses. Microglia are immune cells that protect the brain from infection and injury.
The brain is a complex organ that is made up of many different types of cells. Neurons and glial cells work together to allow us to think, feel, move, and experience the world around us.