The French Revolution was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 to 1799. It was sparked by economic hardships, social inequality, and political corruption, as well as the ideas of the Enlightenment, such as liberty, equality, and fraternity. The revolution led to the overthrow of the monarchy, the establishment of a republic, and ultimately, the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. It marked a crucial turning point in modern European history, setting the stage for the spread of democracy and the modern political system.