Smoking has numerous detrimental effects on the human body, affecting nearly every organ system. Here are some of the key harmful effects of smoking:
Respiratory system: Smoking damages the respiratory system, leading to chronic coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. It increases the risk of respiratory infections, such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Smoking is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Cardiovascular system: Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It damages blood vessels, causing atherosclerosis (build-up of fatty deposits), which can lead to heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral artery disease. Smoking also increases blood pressure and heart rate.
Cancer: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable cancer. It greatly increases the risk of lung cancer, as well as cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, kidney, cervix, and stomach. Secondhand smoke exposure can also lead to cancer in non-smokers.
Reproductive system: Smoking can have negative effects on fertility in both men and women. It increases the risk of erectile dysfunction in men and complications during pregnancy, such as ectopic pregnancy, premature birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. Smoking during pregnancy also increases the risk of developmental issues in the child.