The saiga antelope is currently critically endangered. Despite conservation efforts, including the Saiga Antelope Memorandum of Understanding, saiga antelopes are facing numerous threats, such as poaching for their horns, shrinking habitats due to agricultural advancement and human settlements, and the impact of weather fluctuations caused by their migratory nature. In the mid-2010s, saiga populations suffered a mysterious and deadly epizootic illness which killed a large number of the population. In 2022, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, the Russian Federation, and Uzbekistan agreed on new joint conservation measures to try and help preserve the saiga antelope under the Saiga Antelope Memorandum of Understanding.