The origin of mathematics as a formal discipline cannot be attributed to a single individual or civilization. Mathematics has developed and evolved over thousands of years, with contributions from various ancient cultures.
Some of the earliest known mathematical developments can be traced back to ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) and ancient Egypt. These civilizations developed mathematical systems to solve practical problems such as measuring land, building structures, and tracking time.
Ancient Greek mathematicians, such as Pythagoras, Euclid, and Archimedes, made significant contributions to various branches of mathematics, including geometry, number theory, and calculus.
Indian mathematicians, particularly during the classical period of Indian mathematics from the 5th to the 12th century, made significant advancements in arithmetic, algebra, trigonometry, and the concept of zero.