consumer behavior is concerned with understanding how purchase decisions are made and how products or services are consumed or experienced. Consumers are active decision-makers, and their underlying motivation drives consumer action, including the information search and purchase decision. The consumer's attitude to a brand (or brand preference) is described as a link between the consumer's underlying motivation and their behavior. Post-purchase anxiety can affect consumers' subsequent behavior and may have implications for repeat purchase. Additionally, cognitive dissonance can influence customer loyalty, and the more positive experiences and emotions that a customer associates with a specific brand, the more likely they are to buy from that brand in the future.