There are several subspecies of Markhors (Capra falconeri), each adapted to different regions in the mountainous areas of Central and South Asia. Some of the recognized subspecies include:
1. **Himalayan Markhor (Capra falconeri falconeri)**: Found in the Himalayan region of India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
2. **Kashmir Markhor (Capra falconeri cashmiriensis)**: Inhabits parts of the Kashmir region, extending into Pakistan and India.
3. **Bukharan Markhor (Capra falconeri heptneri)**: Found in the mountains of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan.
4. **Suleiman Markhor (Capra falconeri jerdoni)**: Occurs in the Suleiman Range of Pakistan and Afghanistan.
5. **Kabul Markhor (Capra falconeri megaceros)**: Inhabits areas of eastern Afghanistan.
6. **Western or Iranian Markhor (Capra falconeri heptneri)**: Found in Iran, particularly in the Zagros Mountains.
7. **Nuristan Markhor (Capra falconeri nuristanica)**: Occurs in the Nuristan region of Afghanistan.
Each of these subspecies has its own unique adaptations and characteristics, making them important components of their respective ecosystems. Many of them are considered endangered or critically endangered due to habitat loss, hunting, and other threats, which has led to conservation efforts to protect and preserve these distinct subspecies.