The conservation status of Tasmanian devils is "Endangered" according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. The primary threat to their survival is the spread of the contagious cancer known as devil facial tumor disease, which has caused a significant decline in their population. Conservation efforts, including captive breeding programs, the development of a vaccine against the disease, and habitat restoration and management programs, are underway to help protect and restore devil populations.