The common name of ethanoic acid is "acetic acid." It is a carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH3COOH. The term "acetic" is derived from the Latin word "acetum," which means "vinegar." Acetic acid is the main component of vinegar, which is produced through the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria.
Acetic acid is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent, vinegar-like odor and a sour taste. It is a weak acid, meaning it only partially dissociates in water, releasing hydrogen ions (H+) to a limited extent. The acetic acid molecule consists of a methyl group (-CH3) and a carboxyl group (-COOH), which is responsible for its acidic properties.
Acetic acid has various industrial, household, and biological applications. It is widely used as a food preservative and flavoring agent in the production of condiments, pickles, and dressings. It is also employed in the manufacture of solvents, dyes, plastics, and rubber. In laboratories, acetic acid is commonly used as a reagent and solvent. Furthermore, it plays a vital role in the production of cellulose acetate, a key material in the manufacturing of photographic film and other products.
Acetic acid is an important chemical in both industrial and everyday settings, and its common name, "acetic acid," reflects its historical connection to vinegar and its distinctive properties.