No, a bounced cheque typically will not affect your credit score unless it was part of a loan agreement that you are required to repay. A bounced cheque may indicate that you are at risk for not being able to meet your financial obligations and this could be reported to a credit agency, but that usually only applies if the cheque was related to a loan agreement. However, this doesn't mean it should be ignored since the institution that you issued the cheque to may take legal action to collect the payment.